MOTS – C (10 MG)

Description

Deciphering the MOTS-C Peptide: An Enlightening Primer

Venturing into the flourishing field of health and longevity, we encounter the burgeoning interest surrounding the MOTS-C peptide. This incipient term, brimming with possibilities in the arena of metabolic equilibrium and aging, calls for our attention. Prepare to embark on a thrilling exploration of this captivating topic!

Tracing the Roots of the MOTS-C Peptide

Let’s delve into the lineage of the MOTS-C peptide. It is a petite fragment of protein, or peptide, born from the mitochondrial DNA. This revelation throws a curveball to the conventional axiom that perceives peptides as offspring of nuclear DNA. Hence, MOTS-C boldly disrupts our entrenched precepts regarding peptide genesis.

Decoding the Birth of MOTS-C Peptide

Nested within the mitochondria, the dynamos of cellular energy, MOTS-C peptide makes its grand entrance. The genetic script for MOTS-C resides within the mitochondrial DNA, setting it apart from the majority of its human peptide counterparts.

Unraveling the Importance of MOTS-C Peptide

Why should this small peptide matter to us? Let’s decipher the integral roles it adopts in our intricate biological orchestra. The MOTS-C Peptide as a Conductor of Metabolic Harmonics

Mots-c, Insulin Sensitivity, and the Diabetes Narrative

One groundbreaking discovery related to MOTS-C is its prospective capacity to amplify insulin sensitivity. This finding could be pivotal in our battle against diabetes.

MOTS-CPeptide: A Potential Warrior Against Obesity

Moreover, studies are hinting that the MOTS-C peptide might enlist in the war against obesity, a notorious metabolic adversary, by regulating our bodily mechanisms for fat storage and combustion.

The Ageless Melody of MOTS-C Peptide

Beyond its influence on metabolic health, the MOTS-C peptide could have a cameo in the drama of aging. It seems to wield a protective shield against age-associated decline, fostering a more resilient, healthier voyage through time.  Efforts are in full swing to decipher Mots-c’s prospective benefits in decelerating the aging march and mitigating age-related maladies.

Potential Unintended Consequences of MOTS-C Peptide

As is the case with any budding supplement, cognizance of possible side effects is paramount. While the MOTS-C peptide is generally well-received, the potential for unanticipated reactions exists. Nonetheless, the preponderance of scientific studies suggests it is safe for consumption.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the peptide MOTS-C?The MOTS-C peptide is a petite protein fragment born from the mitochondrial DNA. It is acclaimed for its potential contributions to metabolic regulation and aging.
2. How is the MOTS-C peptide formed?The MOTS-C peptide comes into existence within the mitochondria, the powerhouses of cellular energy.
3. What potential benefits could the MOTS-C peptide provide?Scientific explorations suggest the MOTS-C peptide could enhance insulin sensitivity, battle obesity, and decelerate the aging process.
4. What potential side effects might the MOTS-C peptide have?While generally well-received, unanticipated reactions may occur. As with any supplement regimen, a consultative dialogue with a healthcare professional is advisable.
5. How should I utilize MOTS-C peptide supplements?Oral consumption is typical for MOTS-C peptide supplements, although injections are also an alternative. Guidance from a healthcare professional is essential.

MOTS-C peptide supplements are typically consumed orally, though injections are a viable alternative. Prior to embarking on any new supplement regimen, it is essential to engage in a consultative dialogue. The narrative of the MOTS-C peptide is imbued with promise, offering potential advancements in metabolic health and longevity. While research is a continual voyage, the outlook for this peptide shines brightly. As our understanding of MOTS-C expands, so will our ability to harness its potential to enhance our health and vitality.

Author Bio:

Aero is a peptides researcher based in New Orleans. With years of experience in the field, Aero has developed a deep understanding of peptides and their potential applications. He conducts cutting-edge research on peptides in a private lab, where he is dedicated to advancing the field and exploring new avenues for therapeutic use.

In his free time, Aero enjoys staying up to date on the latest developments in the field of peptides research. He also volunteers with local organizations and is committed to making a positive impact in his community.

Aero holds a degree in biochemistry from a top-tier university and has published numerous articles in leading scientific journals. His expertise has been recognized by his peers, and he has been invited to speak at conferences around the world.

Overall, Aero is a passionate researcher who is committed to advancing the field of peptides and making a difference through his work.

If you are looking to buy peptides online at the most affordable rates and free shipping, you can refer to the “Buy Peptides” section.

MOTS-c Research

Research in mice indicates the MOTS-c can reverse age-dependent insulin resistance in muscles, thereby improving muscle uptake of glucose. It does this by improving skeletal muscle response to AMPK activation, which in turn increases the expression of glucose transporters[1].

It is important to note that this activation is independent of the insulin pathway and thus offers an alternative means of boosting glucose uptake by muscles when insulin is ineffective or in insufficient quantity. The net result is improved muscle function, enhanced muscle growth, and decreased functional insulin resistance. Research in mice has shown that low levels of estrogen lead to increased fat mass and dysfunction of normal adipose tissue. This scenario increases the risk of developing insulin resistance and, subsequently, the risk of developing diabetes.

Supplementing mice with MOTS-c, however, increases brown fat function and reduces the accumulation of adipose tissue. It also appears that the peptide prevents adipose dysfunction and the adipose inflammation that typically precedes insulin resistance[2].

It appears that at least part of the influence that MOTS-c has on fat metabolism is mediated through activation of the AMPK pathway. This well-defined pathway is turned on when cellular energy levels are low and it drives the uptake of both glucose and fatty acids by cells for metabolism. It is also the pathway that is activated in ketogenic diets, like the Atkin’s diet, which promote fat metabolism while protecting lean body mass. MOTS-c targets the methionine-folate cycle, increases AICAR levels, and activates AMPK.

New research suggests that MOTS-c can leave the mitochondria and make its way to the nucleus where the peptide can affect nuclear gene expression. Following metabolic stress, MOTS-c has been shown to regulate nuclear genes involved in glucose restriction and antioxidant responses[3]. MOTS-c has effects in both  the mitochondria and the nucleus.

MOTS-c and Fat

Evidence from mice indicates that MOTS-c, particularly in the setting of obesity, is an important regulator of sphingolipid, monoacylglycerol, and dicarboxylate metabolism. By downregulating these pathways and increasing beta-oxidation, MOTS-c appears to prevent fat accumulation[4].

Some of these effects are almost certainly mediated via MOTS-c action in the nucleus. Research on MOTS-c has led to a new hypothesis about fat deposition and insulin resistance that is gaining traction in the scientific community and may offer a new means of intervening in the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes. It appears that dysregulation of fat metabolism in mitochondria may result in a lack of fat oxidation. This leads to higher levels of circulating fat and thus forces the body to boost insulin levels in an effort to clear lipids from the bloodstream. The consequence of this action is increased fat deposition and a homeostatic change in the body as it adapts to (and becomes resistant to) chronically higher levels of insulin[5]. MOTS-c supplementation in rats prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and prevents the accumulation of fat even in the setting of a high-fat diet.

MOTS-c and Insulin Sensitivity

Research measuring MOTS-c levels in insulin sensitive and insulin resistant individuals have shown that the protein is associated with insulin sensitivity only in lean individuals. In other words, MOTS-c appears to be important in the pathogenesis of insulin insensitivity, but not in the maintenance of the condition[6]. Scientists speculate that the peptide maybe a useful means of monitoring pre-diabetic lean individuals and that changes in MOTS-c levels could act as an early warning sign of potential insulin insensitivity. Supplementation with MOTS-c in this setting could help to stave off insulin resistance and thus, the development of diabetes. Research in mice thus far has been promising, but more work is needed to understand the full impact of MOTS-c on insulin regulation.

MOTS-c and Osteoporosis

MOTS-c appears to play a role in the synthesis of type I collagen by osteoblasts in bone. Research in osteoblast cell lines shows that MOTS-c regulates the TGF-beta/SMAD pathway responsible for the health and survival of osteoblasts. By promoting osteoblast survival, MOTS-c helps to improve type I collagen synthesis and therefore the strength and integrity of bone[7]. Additional research in osteoporosis has revealed that MOTS-c promotes the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells via the same TGF-beta/SMAD pathway. In the study, this  directly led to increased osteogenesis (formation of new bone)[8]. Thus, not only does MOTS-c protect osteoblasts and promote their survival,  it promotes their development from stem cells as well.

MOTS-C and Life Longevity in Northeast Asia

Research on MOTS-c has identified a specific change in the peptide that is associated with longevity in certain human populations, such as the Japanese. The change in the MOTS-c gene, in this case, leads to the substitution of a glutamate residue for the lysine that is normally found in position 14 of the protein. It is not clear how this change affects the functional aspects of the protein, but that it does is almost certain as glutamate has radically different properties than lysine and thus would change both the structure and the function of the MOTS-c gene. More research is required to understand how this change affects function, but it is found exclusively in people with Northeast Asian ancestry and is thought to play a role in the exceptional longevity seen in this population[9].

According to Dr. Changhan David Lee, a researcher at the School of Gerontology at USC Leonard Davis, mitchondrial biology holds the key to extending both lifespan and health span in humans. The mitochondria, being the single most important metabolic organelle, is “Strongly implicated in aging and age-related diseases.” Until now, dietary restriction offered the only reliable means of affecting mitochondrial function and thus longevity. Peptides like MOTS-c, however, may make it possible to directly impact mitochondrial function in a more profound way.

MOTS-c and Heart Health

Research measuring MOTS-c levels in humans undergoing coronary angiography has revealed that patients with lower levels of MOTS-c in the blood have higher levels of endothelial cell dysfunction. Endothelial cells line the inside of blood vessels and are integral to the CJC1295, Ipamorelin, GHRP2 regulation of blood pressure, blood clotting, and plaque formation.

Additional research in rats suggests that while MOTS-c does not directly affect blood vessel responsiveness, it does sensitize endothelial cells to the effects of other signaling molecules, like acetylcholine. Supplementing rats with MOTS-c has been shown to improve endothelial function and improve microvascular and epicardial blood vessel function[10].

MOTS-c is not alone among mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) in affecting heart health. Research suggests that at least three MDPs play roles in protecting cardiac cells against stress and inflammation. There is good reason to believe that MDP dysregulation is also an important factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. The peptides may even be important factors in reperfusion injury and, as pointed out above, in endothelial function[11].

Article Author

The above literature was researched, edited and organized by Dr. Logan, M.D. Dr. Logan holds a doctorate degree from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and a B.S. in molecular biology.

Scientific Journal Authors

Dr. Changhan David Lee, contributor to “MOTS-c: A novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism,” and “The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c Translocates to the Nucleus to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression in Response to Metabolic Stress,” is a researcher at the School of Gerontology at USC Leonard Davis.

Pinchas Cohen, MD, is the dean of the USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, executive director of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, and holder of the William and Sylvia Kugel Dean’s Chair in Gerontology. He is an expert in the study of mitochondrial peptides and their possible therapeutic benefits for diabetes, Alzheimer’s, and other diseases related to aging. Cohen’s current research focus is on the emerging science of mitochondria-derived peptides, which he discovered. These peptides include humanin, a 24-amino acid peptide encoded from the mt-16S-rRNA. It is a novel, centrally acting insulin sensitizer and metabolic protective factor representing a new therapeutic and diagnostic target in diabetes and related disease. Other mitochondrial peptides of interest include MOTS-c, a second peptide encoded from a small ORF in the 12S region of the mitochondrial chromosome that has potent anti-diabetes and anti-obesity effect and acts as an exercise-mimetic, and SHLP2, a peptide encoded from the light strand of the mt-16S-rRNA region whose levels correlate with prostate cancer.

Dr. Changhan David Lee and Dr. Pinchas Cohen are being referenced as leading scientists involved in the research and development of Humanin. In no way are these doctors/scientists endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between PeptidesforSale.com and these doctors. The purpose of citing the doctors is to acknowledge, recognize, and credit the exhaustive research and development efforts conducted by the scientists studying this peptide. Dr. Changhan David Lee is listed in [1] [3] Dr. Pinchas Cohen is listed in [9] under the referenced citations.

Referenced Citations

[1] C. Lee, K. H. Kim, and P. Cohen, “MOTS-c: A novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism,” Free Radic. Biol. Med., vol. 100, pp. 182–187, Nov. 2016. [PMC]

[2] H. Lu et al., “MOTS-c peptide regulates adipose homeostasis to prevent ovariectomy-induced metabolic dysfunction,” J. Mol. Med. Berl. Ger., vol. 97, no. 4, pp. 473–485, Apr. 2019. [PubMed]

[3] K. H. Kim, J. M. Son, B. A. Benayoun, and C. Lee, “The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c Translocates to the Nucleus to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression in Response to Metabolic Stress,” Cell Metab., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 516-524.e7, Sep. 2018. [PMC]

[4] S.-J. Kim et al., “The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c is a regulator of plasma metabolites and enhances insulin sensitivity,” Physiol. Rep., vol. 7, no. 13, p.e14171, Jul. 2019. [PubMed]

[5] R. Crescenzo, F. Bianco, A. Mazzoli, A. Giacco, G. Liverini, and S. Iossa, “A possible link between hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and diet-induced insulin resistance,” Eur. J. Nutr., vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 1–6, Feb. 2016. [BMJ]

[6] L. R. Cataldo, R. Fernández-Verdejo, J. L. Santos, and J. E. Galgani, “Plasma MOTS-c levels are associated with insulin sensitivity in lean but not in obese individuals,” J. Investig. Med., vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 1019–1022, Aug. 2018. [PubMed]

[7] N. Che et al., “MOTS-c improves osteoporosis by promoting the synthesis of type I collagen in osteoblasts via TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway,” Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 3183–3189, Apr. 2019. [PubMed]

[8] B.-T. Hu and W.-Z. Chen, “MOTS-c improves osteoporosis by promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via TGF-β/Smad pathway,” Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., vol. 22, no. 21, pp. 7156–7163, Nov. 2018. [PubMed]

[9] N. Fuku et al., “The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c: A player in exceptional longevity?,” Aging Cell, vol. 14, Aug. 2015. [Research Gate]

[10] Q. Qin et al., “Downregulation of circulating MOTS-c levels in patients with coronary endothelial dysfunction,” Int. J. Cardiol., vol. 254, pp. 23–27, 01 2018. [PubMed]

[11] Y. Yang et al., “The role of mitochondria-derived peptides in cardiovascular disease: Recent updates,” Biomed. Pharmacother. Biomedecine Pharmacother., vol. 117, p. 109075, Jun. 2019. [PubMed]