Description

The Relationship of DSIP to Sleep

In spite of its somewhat name similarity, the connection between DSIP and sleep has been tough to pin down. After doing the initial study in rabbits, DSIP has gone through an extensive research to conclude its effects on sleep.  Unluckily, any correlation has been difficult to establish. In some researches, DSIP promoted slow-wave sleep and suppressed paradoxical sleep.  DSIP has had no impact on sleep at all. In one study, DSIP was found to cause arousal during the first hour of sleep followed by sedation starting in the second hour of sleep[1]. Overall, this research suggested that DSIP rather helps to normalize sleep and regulate dysfunction in sleep cycles- effects which tend to be endorsed by other research.

Probably the most vital sleep research that involves DSIP has been performed in the setting of chronic insomnia. In this specific example, the peptide appears to improvise the quality of sleep enough to match that of normal controls[2]. These findings are actually emulated in other studies depicting that DSIP improvises sleep structure and decreases sleep latency in chronic insomnia. Comprehensively, polysomnographic studies indicate higher sleep efficiency with DSIP [3]. Despite the discrepancy in the research, it is almost absurd to deny that DSIP is in some way related to sleep. Research inhuman subjects has uncovered a number of subjective measures that vouches in favor of DSIP promoting sleep.

DSIP produces dizziness, feelings of sleepiness, increases sleep time by 59% compared to placebo, and shortens sleep onset. These subjective findings, nonetheless, are nearly contradicted by EEG analyses in a perfect manner that show no obvious sedation[4]. The problem, nonetheless, may by with current testing methodologies as many EEG measures of sedation are based on pharmacologic sedation and not natural sedation. Bare minimum, we can say that DSIP offers a new and useful resource for reevaluating how we measure the sleep quality in the laboratory. It may help scientists to develop a thorough understanding of human sleep cycle, a physiologic function that is still camouflaged in a great deal of mystery despite more than a century of dedicated research.

DSIP Research and Chronic Pain

Analgesic control can be tough in the light of chronic pain. Current medications, like NSAIDs and opiates are effective in the short term. But in the longer run, they can have serious after effects in prolonged usage. As a majority of current analgesics are best fit to the short-term treatment, hence for the longer run, researchers have found an alternative for treating chronic pain syndromes. A small pre-clinical trial in humans has found that DSIP can substantially decrease pain perception and make your mood lighter. This same study found that DSIP may be useful in patients with a physiological dependence on other pain medications as it helps to decrease withdrawal symptoms and the pain rebound that usually occurs after cessation of long-term analgesic therapy[5].

Research in rats suggests that DSIP acts on central opioid receptors to produce its analgesic effects. It isn’t clear if these are direct or indirect effects, but DSIP 5 mg peptide produces a significant pain-relieving effect that is dependent on the dosage. [6]. There is no indication that DSIP produces the kind of dependency that opiate medications even though both work on the same receptors in the central nervous system.

DSIP Research and Metabolism

Research in rats shows that DSIP alters the stress-induced metabolic disturbances that often cause mitochondria to shift from oxygen-dependent respiration to oxygen-independent respiration. The latter is much less efficient and is associated with the production of toxic metabolic byproducts. The ability of DSIP to maintain oxidative phosphorylation, even in the setting of hypoxia, could make the peptide a useful treatment in conditions like stroke and heart attack. By preserving normal mitochondrial function, DSIP could help to offset the metabolic damage caused by oxygen deprivation and protect tissue until proper blood flow can be reestablished[7].

These properties would make DSIP a very powerful antioxidant and one that works at the most basic level of free radical production. By preserving normal mitochondrial function, DSIP reduces the production of free radicals. This may make it a potent anti-aging supplement, though much more research is required to understand the exact effects of the peptide. Depression, Chemical Imbalances, and DSIP. The finding that DSIP can alter mitochondrial activity in hypoxic settings led scientists to investigate the mechanism by which the peptide has this effect. It turns out that DSIP restricts changes in monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) and serotonin levels[8].

This finding, of course, suggested to the researchers that the peptide may have an impact on the course of depression. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from major depression has revealed decreased levels of DSIP compared to controls[9]. Given the strong link between sleep and depression, it should come as no surprise that a peptide involved in regulating sleep cycling could also play a role in the development of depression. To date, there has been no attempt to treat depression by normalizing DSIP levels[10]. The peptide, has, however, been linked to changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and may play a role in suicidal behavior[11].

DSIP Research in Withdrawal and Addiction

Trials investigating the ability of DSIP to reduce withdrawal symptoms during opiate and alcohol detoxification have found that the peptide may have substantial benefit[12]. In one study of 107 patients presenting with symptoms of alcohol or opiate withdrawal, 97% and87%, respectively, showed complete resolution of withdrawal symptoms or significant improvement. Interestingly, opiate withdrawal proved to be more refractory to treatment, requiring more DSIP injections over a longer period of time[13]. Withdrawal, particularly from alcohol, can be a life-threatening condition, making any advances in treatment of the condition significant.

DSIP Research and Cancer Prevention

A section of cancer research focuses on curing the disease once diagnosed. A smaller, but growing segment of researchers, however, are interested in preventing cancer from developing in the first place. Much of the focus is on stimulating the immune system, via a so-called cancer vaccine, to seek out and eliminate cancerous cells before they spread. Research in mice, however, suggests that DSIP may have better cancer prevention effects than any vaccine tested to date. In the study, female mice were given DSIP on 5consecutive days of every month starting at the age of 3 months and persisting until their death. Treated rats showed a 2.6-fold decrease in the development of tumors. This remarkable reduction in cancer occurrence was accompanied by a 22.6% decrease in the frequency of chromosomal defects in bone marrow[14].

DSIP Being Tested as Cancer Adjuvant

One of the side effects of chemotherapy is changes in central nervous system functioning. These changes can include impaired motor control, behavioral alterations like depression, and problems with language. Children undergoing chemotherapy are especially vulnerable to CNS alterations following cancer treatment. A recent study suggests that DSIP can correct these CNS alterations or prevent them from occurring in the first place[15]. At least part of this effect explained by the selective effects of DSIP on blood supply to therein. Research in rats indicates that DSIP and its alternative preparation Deltaran, increase blood supply significantly in the setting of CNS stresses like ischemia and chemotherapy. In fact, in an animal model of cerebral ischemia, animals given Deltaran survived 100% of the time compared to just 62% of controls[16]. By boosting blood flowing the brain, DSIP can encourage healing and reduce metabolic damage.

DSIP May Have Widespread Physiologic and Muscle-Building Effects

DSIP was first found in the brains of rabbits during slow-wave sleep and has since been associated with sleep and central nervous system regulation of sleep-wake cycles. Interestingly, however, is the fact that no one knows where or how DSIP is synthesized. Levels of DSIP are as high in peripheral tissues as they are in tissues of the CNS, suggesting that the peptide may be made outside of the CNS and that its primary function may not involve sleep at all. There is also speculation that DSIP may be a hypothalamic hormone that regulates more than just sleep in the same way that growth hormone, for instance, regulates more than bone and muscle growth. In one study, DSIP was found to inhibit somatostatin, a protein produced in muscle cells that inhibits muscle growth[17].

By inhibiting somatostatin, DSIP contributes to hypertrophy and hyperplasia in skeletal muscle. These direct inhibitory effects seem odd for a peptide originally thought to be primarily involved in sleep promotion. This has led some scientists to speculate that research has missed the mark where DSIP is concerned and that the peptide might have a larger, more universal role in regulating human physiology. Further contributing to the idea that DSIP may be more than CNS peptide is the fact that it has been found, in animal models, to regulate blood pressure, heartrate, thermogenesis, and the lymphokine system. Some of these effects appear before any clinical or laboratory signs of sleep, indicating that DSIP may actually play a role in altering physiology to prepare the body for sleep onset[18].DSIP exhibits minimal side effects, low oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice does not scale to humans. 

Article Author

The above literature was researched, edited and organized by Dr.Logan, M.D. Dr. Logan holds a doctorate degree from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and a B.S. in molecular biology.

Scientific Journal Author

Shlomo Yehuda, Ph.D. has released hundreds of publications relating to the depths of neuroscience, thermoregulation, pharmacology, and the intricacies of colliding mechanisms of action. He specifically studied the effects of mice that consumed DSIP/DSIP-P while being continuously exposed to light, DSIP as a tool for investing the sleep onset mechanism, the peculiar thermoregulatory effects of DSIP at low and high doses, and the effects of DSIP on pain thresholds during light and dark periods in rats. Shlomo Yehuda, Ph.D. is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of DSIP. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between PeptidesforSale.com and this doctor. The purpose of citing the doctor is to acknowledge, recognize, and credit the exhaustive research and development efforts conducted by the scientists studying this peptide. Shlomo Yehuda, Ph.D. is listed in [19] [20] [21] and [22] under the referenced citations.

Referenced Citations

[1] “The influence of synthetic DSIP (delta-sleep-inducing-peptide) on disturbed human sleep | SpringerLink.” [Online]. Available: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01971753. [Accessed: 25-Jun-2019].

[2] “Effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide on 24-hour sleep-wake behavior in severe chronic insomnia. – PubMed – NCBI.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3622582. [Accessed: 25-Jun-2019].

[3] “Effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide on sleep of chronic insomniac patients. A double-blind study. – PubMed – NCBI.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1299794. [Accessed: 25-Jun-2019].

[4] “Acute and delayed effects of DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide) on human sleep behavior. – PubMed – NCBI.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6895513. [Accessed: 25-Jun-2019].

[5] “Therapeutic effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) in patients with chronic, pronounced pain episodes. A clinical pilot study. – PubMed – NCBI.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6548970. [Accessed: 25-Jun-2019].

[6] “Potent antinociceptive effect of centrally administered delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP). – PubMed – NCBI.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2853064. [Accessed: 25-Jun-2019].

[7] “Delta sleep inducing peptide (DSIP): effect on respiration activity in rat brain mitochondria and stress protective potency under experimental hypo… – PubMed – NCBI.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12668217. [Accessed: 25-Jun-2019].

[8] “Effects of delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) and some analogues on the activity of monoamine oxidase type A in rat brain under hypoxia stress. – PubMed – NCBI.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7628639. [Accessed: 25-Jun-2019].

[9] “Decreased concentrations of delta-sleep inducing peptide in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from depressed patients: Nordisk Psykiatrisk Tidsskrift: Vol 39, No sup11.” [Online]. Available: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08039488509101959. [Accessed: 25-Jun-2019].

[10] “Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): An overview of central actions and possible relationship to psychiatric illnesses: Nordisk Psykiatrisk Tidsskrift: Vol 42, No 2.” [Online]. Available: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08039488809103215. [Accessed: 25- Jun-2019].

[11] “High delta sleep-inducing peptide-like immunoreactivity in plasma in suicidal patients with major depressive disorder. – PubMed – NCBI.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9606527. [Accessed: 25-Jun-2019].

[12] “Opioid detoxification with delta sleep-inducing peptide: results of an open clinical trial. – PubMed – NCBI.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9617990. [Accessed: 25-Jun-2019].

[13] “DSIP in the treatment of withdrawal syndromes from alcohol and opiates. – PubMed – NCBI.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6548969. [Accessed: 25-Jun-2019].

[14] “Effect of delta-sleep inducing peptide-containing preparation Deltaran on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female … – PubMed – NCBI.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12782416. [Accessed: 25-Jun-2019].

[15] A. B. Sinyukhin, G. P. Timoshinov, V. A. Kornilov, and P. D. Shabanov, “P.7.a.006 Delta sleep-inducing peptide analogue corrects the CNS functional state of children treated with antiblastomic therapy,” Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., vol. 19, pp. S681– S682, Sep. 2009.

[16] E. V. Koplik et al., “Delta sleep-inducing peptide and Deltaran: potential approaches to antistress protection,” Neurosci. Behav. Physiol., vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 953–957, Nov. 2008.

[17] “[DSIP: the sleep peptide or an unknown hypothalamic hormone?]. – PubMed – NCBI.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7817664.

[18] “DSIP–a tool for investigating the sleep onset mechanism: a review. – PubMed – NCBI.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3286557.

[19] Shlomo Yehuda & Ralph L. Carasso (1987) The Effects of Dsip on Pain Threshold During Light and Dark Periods in Rats are not Naloxone-Sensitive, International Journal of Neuroscience, 37:1-2, 85-88, DOI: 10.3109/00207458708991805

[20] Graf, Markus & Christen, Heinz & Schoenenberger, Guido. (1982). DSIP/DSIP-P and circadian motor activity of rats under continuous light. Peptides. 3. 623-6. 10.1016/0196-9781(82)90161-9.

[21] Shlomo Yehuda & Ralph L. Carasso (1988) Dsip-a Tool for Investigating the Sleep Onset Mechanism: A Review, International Journal of Neuroscience, 38:3-4, 345- 353, DOI: 10.3109/00207458808990695

[22] Yehuda, S., Kastin, A.J. and Coy, D.H. (1980). Thermoregulatory and locomotor effects of DSIP: Paradoxical interaction with d-amphetamine. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, [online] 13(6), pp.895–900. PubChem CID: 68816